From Macdonald to Laurier, Canada weighs loyalty to Britain against its own path. Master the vocabulary of party politics, school crises and imperial wars that tested a young country’s identity.
These terms were extracted from Canadian History: Post-Confederation by John Douglas Belshaw, eCampusOntario (originally published by BCcampus, 2016) which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Someone who believes that the separation of church and state in civic life is essential for the well-being of a successful democratic society.
Laurier was anticlerical, an advocate for the separation of church and state.
Typically American-owned companies that avoided tariff barriers by establishing plants on the Canadian side of the border.
These early branch plants were a harbinger of 20th century developments that would see a closer integration of the two nations’ economies, regardless of the tariff.
Established in 1868, an English-Canadian nationalist movement.
The Canada First movement was established in 1868.
Religious schools run by Catholic or Protestant denominations.
His government removed public funding from confessional schools.
The idea that Canada could or should construct its culture and institutions around two cultures, French and English. In contrast with unification (which favours one culture) and pluralism or multiculturalism in which French in particular is at risk of becoming a minority culture.
Describe dualism and account for its fluctuating support.
In 1890 the provincial government turned its back on commitments in the Manitoba Act (1870) to provide a dual — French and English — system of education, a move that was stimulated by declining French and Catholic populations. The Privy Council determined (twice) that the federal government had the power to reverse this decision. In opposition, Wilfrid Laurier blocked Ottawa’s attempt at disallowance; in government he negotiated a compromise with Manitoba.
The Manitoba Schools Question now fell to Laurier to resolve.
Refers to the Orange Order, its members, and its values; a Protestant fraternal association with roots in Ireland; marked by a strong antipathy for Catholics and Catholicism, as well as a fierce loyalty to the Crown. Supported Protestant immigrants and made use of violence and political networks to achieve its ends.
The Second Boer War began in 1899 as the South African Republic and the Orange Free State (colonized by Dutch settlers) resisted British attempts to annex their territories into a larger Cape Colony.
In politics, the focus on existing conditions rather than ideological considerations or objectives. Also called realpolitik.
Premier Thomas Greenway saw in educational reform a chance to forge a common, pragmatic front among Liberals and Conservatives in Manitoba.
Charges (a tax) added to imported goods so as to make their sale price higher than domestic goods and, thus, make domestic goods more competitive; some trade partners are less discriminated (they are “preferred”) over others.
It was largely resolved by introducing a preferential tariff that was meant to encourage other nations to bring down their own barriers.
Also Parti rouge. Political party and tradition in Quebec; established in the 1840s, it became increasing more pro-secular, anticlerical, and opposed to hereditary privilege; opposed to Confederation, embraced provincial rights; after 1867, merged with the Clear Grits to form the Liberal Party.
In Quebec the Tories were able to mobilize an ultramontane fear of Laurier’s Rouge background to drive voters away from the Liberals.