concurrency
the ability of the database to allow multiple users access to the same record without adversely affecting transaction processing
In database systems, concurrency is managed thus allowing multiple users access to the same record.
data element
a single fact or piece of information
A single fact is an element of data, or a data element.
data inconsistency
a situation where various copies of the same data are conflicting
Data inconsistency wastes storage space and duplicates effort.
data isolation
a property that determines when and how changes made by one operation become visible to other concurrent users and systems
Because of data isolation, it is difficult for new applications to retrieve the appropriate data, which might be stored in various files.
data integrity
refers to the maintenance and assurance that the data in a database are correct and consistent
Problems with data integrity is another disadvantage of using a file-based system.
data redundancy
a situation that occurs in a database when a field needs to be updated in more than one table
Files and applications created by different programmers over long periods of time can lead to data redundancy.
database approach
allows the management of large amounts of organizational information
The difficulties that arise from using the file-based system have prompted the development of a new approach called the database approach.
database management software
a powerful software tool that allows you to store, manipulate and retrieve data in a variety of ways
The best way to store data is by using database management software.
file-based system
an application program designed to manipulate data files
Consider a traditional banking system that uses the file-based system to manage the organization's data.
These terms were extracted from Database Design – 2nd Edition by Adrienne Watt, eCampusOntario (originally published by BCcampus) which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Chapter text adapted from Database System Concepts by Nguyen Kim Anh, licensed under CC BY 3.0.